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1960 – THE UNITED NATIONS’ USE OF FORCE IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS: THE QUESTION OF CIVILIAN AND MILITARY INSUBORDINATION IN ONUC’S OPERATIONS IN KATANGA.

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Stean Tshiband, Lancaster University, Department of Politics and International Relations

Abstract

The second generation of peacekeeping operations resulted from the United Nations Organization’s Operation in the Congo (ONUC) in early 60s. The importance of ONUC (or UNOC[1]) in the development of multi-dimensional peacekeeping and more particularly the concept of the use of force is undeniable. The tribute in the evolution of the concept of the use of force finds its root in Katanga, where the United Nations are believed to have waged their first war in the history of peacekeeping operations. The present paper dissects United Nations operations in the Katanga in the 60s in the context of military and civilian insubordination. It explores different aspects in the coordination of military operations that led to accidental death of UNSG Dag Hammarskjold. Legal and operational facets of the katangan operations will be the focus of this discussion.

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